:: Banach Algebra of Continuous Functionals :: by Kanazashi Katuhiko , Noboru Endou and Yasunari Shidama :: :: Received October 20, 2009 :: Copyright (c) 2009 Association of Mizar Users environ vocabularies STRUCT_0, XREAL_0, ORDINAL1, FUNCOP_1, PSCOMP_1, NUMBERS, PRE_TOPC, ORDINAL2, SUBSET_1, RCOMP_1, RELAT_1, XBOOLE_0, FUNCT_1, TARSKI, CARD_1, ARYTM_3, XXREAL_1, ARYTM_1, COMPLEX1, CONNSP_2, RLVECT_1, ALGSTR_0, FUNCSDOM, REAL_1, FUNCT_2, C0SP1, IDEAL_1, VALUED_1, MESFUNC1, RSSPACE, POLYALG1, BINOP_1, VECTSP_1, SUPINF_2, GROUP_1, REALSET1, ZFMISC_1, RSSPACE4, XXREAL_2, XXREAL_0, LOPBAN_2, NORMSP_1, REWRITE1, NAT_1, RSSPACE3, SEQ_2, PARTFUN1, SEQFUNC, C0SP2, LOPBAN_1, METRIC_1, RELAT_2; notations TARSKI, XBOOLE_0, ZFMISC_1, SUBSET_1, ORDINAL1, NUMBERS, RELAT_1, XCMPLX_0, XREAL_0, COMPLEX1, REAL_1, XXREAL_0, REALSET1, FUNCT_1, FUNCT_2, STRUCT_0, ALGSTR_0, IDEAL_1, BINOP_1, DOMAIN_1, RELSET_1, PRE_TOPC, COMPTS_1, PSCOMP_1, RLVECT_1, GROUP_1, VECTSP_1, FUNCSDOM, PARTFUN1, SEQFUNC, RSSPACE3, RCOMP_1, SEQ_2, NORMSP_0, NORMSP_1, NFCONT_1, LOPBAN_1, LOPBAN_2, C0SP1, CONNSP_2, FUNCOP_1, PARTFUN3; constructors REAL_1, REALSET1, RSSPACE3, COMPLEX1, RCOMP_1, IDEAL_1, COMPTS_1, SEQ_1, C0SP1, NFCONT_1, SEQFUNC, JORDAN_A, PARTFUN3, BINOP_2, SEQ_2, MEASURE6; registrations XBOOLE_0, SUBSET_1, STRUCT_0, PRE_TOPC, XREAL_0, REALSET1, ALGSTR_0, NUMBERS, ORDINAL1, MEMBERED, FUNCSDOM, RELAT_1, VECTSP_1, VECTSP_2, VALUED_0, LOPBAN_2, PSCOMP_1, RCOMP_1, C0SP1; requirements NUMERALS, BOOLE, SUBSET, ARITHM; definitions PSCOMP_1, REALSET1, ALGSTR_0, TARSKI, XCMPLX_0, NORMSP_1, RCOMP_1, FUNCSDOM, RLVECT_1, VECTSP_1, STRUCT_0, GROUP_1, BINOP_1, C0SP1, NORMSP_0; theorems RFUNCT_1, FUNCT_1, NFCONT_1, PARTFUN1, SEQ_2, ABSVALUE, ALGSTR_0, COMPLEX1, ZFMISC_1, TARSKI, RCOMP_1, XBOOLE_1, PSCOMP_1, IDEAL_1, RSSPACE3, RELAT_1, XREAL_0, XXREAL_0, FUNCSDOM, NORMSP_1, LOPBAN_1, FUNCT_2, XREAL_1, RLVECT_1, TOPS_1, FUNCOP_1, VECTSP_1, GROUP_1, LOPBAN_2, VALUED_1, C0SP1, CONNSP_2, XXREAL_1, NORMSP_0; begin definition let X be 1-sorted, y be real number; func X --> y -> RealMap of X equals (the carrier of X) --> y; coherence proof y in REAL by XREAL_0:def 1; then (the carrier of X) --> y is RealMap of X by FUNCOP_1:57; hence thesis; end; end; registration let X be TopSpace, y be real number; cluster X --> y -> continuous; coherence proof set f = X --> y; set HX=[#] X; let P1 being Subset of REAL such that P1 is closed; per cases; suppose y in P1; then f"P1 = HX by FUNCOP_1:20; hence f"P1 is closed; end; suppose not y in P1; then f"P1 = {}X by FUNCOP_1:22; hence f"P1 is closed; end; end; end; theorem Th1: for X being non empty TopSpace, f be RealMap of X holds f is continuous iff for x being Point of X,V being Subset of REAL st f.x in V & V is open holds ex W being Subset of X st x in W & W is open & f.:W c= V proof let X be non empty TopSpace,f be RealMap of X; hereby assume A1: f is continuous; now let x be Point of X,V being Subset of REAL; set r = f.x; assume r in V & V is open; then consider r0 be real number such that A2: 0 Subset of RAlgebra the carrier of X equals { f where f is continuous RealMap of X : not contradiction }; correctness proof set A = { f where f is continuous RealMap of X : not contradiction }; A c= Funcs(the carrier of X,REAL) proof let x be set; assume x in A; then ex f be continuous RealMap of X st x=f; hence x in Funcs(the carrier of X,REAL) by FUNCT_2:11; end; hence thesis; end; end; registration let X; cluster ContinuousFunctions(X) -> non empty; coherence proof X-->0 in { f where f is continuous RealMap of X : not contradiction }; hence thesis; end; end; registration let X; cluster ContinuousFunctions X -> additively-linearly-closed multiplicatively-closed; coherence proof set W = ContinuousFunctions X; set V = RAlgebra the carrier of X; A1:RAlgebra the carrier of X is RealLinearSpace by C0SP1:7; for v,u be Element of V st v in W & u in W holds v + u in W proof let v,u be Element of V such that A2: v in W & u in W; consider v1 be continuous RealMap of X such that A3:v1=v by A2; consider u1 be continuous RealMap of X such that A4:u1=u by A2; reconsider h = v+u as Element of Funcs(the carrier of X,REAL); A5:ex f being Function st h = f & dom f = the carrier of X & rng f c= REAL by FUNCT_2:def 2; dom v1 /\ dom u1 = (the carrier of X) /\ dom u1 by FUNCT_2:def 1; then A6: dom v1 /\ dom u1 = (the carrier of X) /\ (the carrier of X) by FUNCT_2:def 1; for x be set st x in dom h holds h.x = v1.x + u1.x by A3,A4,FUNCSDOM:10; then v+u=v1+u1 by A6,A5,VALUED_1:def 1; hence v+u in W; end; then A7:W is add-closed by IDEAL_1:def 1; for v be Element of V st v in W holds -v in W proof let v be Element of V such that A8: v in W; consider v1 be continuous RealMap of X such that A9:v1=v by A8; reconsider h = -v, v2 = v as Element of Funcs(the carrier of X,REAL); A10: h=(-1)*v by A1,RLVECT_1:29; A11:ex f being Function st h = f & dom f = the carrier of X & rng f c= REAL by FUNCT_2:def 2; A12: dom v1 =the carrier of X by FUNCT_2:def 1; now let x be set; assume x in dom h; then reconsider y=x as Element of the carrier of X; h.x = (-1)*(v2.y) by A10,FUNCSDOM:15; hence h.x = -v1.x by A9; end; then -v=-v1 by A12,A11,VALUED_1:9; hence -v in W; end; then A13:W is having-inverse by C0SP1:def 1; for a be Real, u be Element of V st u in W holds a * u in W proof let a be Real, u be Element of V such that A14: u in W; consider u1 be continuous RealMap of X such that A15:u1=u by A14; reconsider h = a*u as Element of Funcs(the carrier of X,REAL); A16:ex f being Function st h = f & dom f = the carrier of X & rng f c= REAL by FUNCT_2:def 2; A17: dom u1 = the carrier of X by FUNCT_2:def 1; for x be set st x in dom h holds h.x = a*(u1.x) by A15,FUNCSDOM:15; then a*u=a(#)u1 by A17,A16,VALUED_1:def 5; hence a*u in W; end; hence ContinuousFunctions X is additively-linearly-closed by A7,A13,C0SP1:def 10; A18:for v,u be Element of V st v in W & u in W holds v * u in W proof let v,u be Element of V such that A19: v in W & u in W; consider v1 be continuous RealMap of X such that A20:v1=v by A19; consider u1 be continuous RealMap of X such that A21:u1=u by A19; reconsider h = v*u as Element of Funcs(the carrier of X,REAL); A22:ex f being Function st h = f & dom f = the carrier of X & rng f c= REAL by FUNCT_2:def 2; dom v1 /\ dom u1 = (the carrier of X) /\ dom u1 by FUNCT_2:def 1; then A23: dom v1 /\ dom u1 = (the carrier of X) /\ (the carrier of X) by FUNCT_2:def 1; for x be set st x in dom h holds h.x = v1.x *u1.x by A20,A21,FUNCSDOM:11; then v*u=v1(#)u1 by A23,A22,VALUED_1:def 4; hence v*u in W; end; reconsider g = RealFuncUnit the carrier of X as RealMap of X; g = X --> 1; then 1.V in W; hence thesis by A18,C0SP1:def 4; end; end; definition let X be non empty TopSpace; func R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> AlgebraStr equals AlgebraStr (# ContinuousFunctions X, mult_(ContinuousFunctions X, RAlgebra the carrier of X), Add_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X), Mult_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X), One_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X), Zero_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X) #); coherence; end; theorem R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X is Subalgebra of RAlgebra the carrier of X by C0SP1:6; registration let X; cluster R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> strict non empty; coherence; end; registration let X; cluster R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> Abelian add-associative right_zeroed right_complementable vector-distributive scalar-distributive scalar-associative scalar-unital commutative associative right_unital right-distributive vector-distributive scalar-distributive scalar-associative vector-associative; coherence proof A1: R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X is Algebra by C0SP1:6; now let v be VECTOR of R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; reconsider v1=v as VECTOR of RAlgebra the carrier of X by TARSKI:def 3; R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X is Subalgebra of RAlgebra the carrier of X by C0SP1:6; then 1 * v = 1*v1 by C0SP1:8; hence 1 * v =v by FUNCSDOM:23; end; hence thesis by A1,RLVECT_1:def 11; end; end; reserve F,G,H for VECTOR of R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; reserve f,g,h for RealMap of X; reserve a for Real; theorem Th3: f=F & g=G & h=H implies ( H = F+G iff (for x be Element of the carrier of X holds h.x = f.x + g.x) ) proof assume A1: f=F & g=G & h=H; A2:R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X is Subalgebra of RAlgebra the carrier of X by C0SP1:6; reconsider f1=F, g1=G, h1=H as VECTOR of RAlgebra the carrier of X by TARSKI:def 3; hereby assume A3: H = F+G; let x be Element of the carrier of X; h1=f1+g1 by A2,A3,C0SP1:8; hence h.x = f.x+g.x by A1,FUNCSDOM:10; end; assume for x be Element of X holds h.x = f.x+g.x; then h1=f1+g1 by A1,FUNCSDOM:10; hence H =F+G by A2,C0SP1:8; end; theorem Th4: f=F & g=G implies ( G = a*F iff for x be Element of X holds g.x = a*f.x ) proof assume A1: f=F & g=G; A2:R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X is Subalgebra of RAlgebra the carrier of X by C0SP1:6; reconsider f1=F, g1=G as VECTOR of RAlgebra the carrier of X by TARSKI:def 3; hereby assume A3: G = a*F; let x be Element of the carrier of X; g1=a*f1 by A2,A3,C0SP1:8; hence g.x=a*f.x by A1,FUNCSDOM:15; end; assume for x be Element of the carrier of X holds g.x=a*f.x; then g1=a*f1 by A1,FUNCSDOM:15; hence G =a*F by A2,C0SP1:8; end; theorem Th5: f=F & g=G & h=H implies ( H = F*G iff (for x be Element of the carrier of X holds h.x = f.x * g.x) ) proof assume A1: f=F & g=G & h=H; A2:R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X is Subalgebra of RAlgebra the carrier of X by C0SP1:6; reconsider f1=F, g1=G, h1=H as VECTOR of RAlgebra the carrier of X by TARSKI:def 3; hereby assume A3: H = F*G; let x be Element of the carrier of X; h1 = f1*g1 by A2,A3,C0SP1:8; hence h.x = f.x * g.x by A1,FUNCSDOM:11; end; assume for x be Element of X holds h.x = f.x * g.x; then h1 = f1 * g1 by A1,FUNCSDOM:11; hence H = F * G by A2,C0SP1:8; end; theorem Th6: 0.R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X = X --> 0 proof A1:R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X is Subalgebra of RAlgebra the carrier of X by C0SP1:6; 0.RAlgebra the carrier of X = X --> 0; hence thesis by A1,C0SP1:8; end; theorem Th7: 1_R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X = X --> 1 proof A1:R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X is Subalgebra of RAlgebra the carrier of X by C0SP1:6; 1_RAlgebra the carrier of X = X --> 1; hence thesis by A1,C0SP1:8; end; reserve X for compact non empty TopSpace; reserve f,g,h for RealMap of X; theorem Th8: for A being Algebra, A1,A2 being Subalgebra of A holds the carrier of A1 c= the carrier of A2 implies A1 is Subalgebra of A2 proof let A be Algebra, A1,A2 be Subalgebra of A; assume A1: the carrier of A1 c= the carrier of A2; set CA1 = the carrier of A1; set CA2 = the carrier of A2; set AA = the addF of A; set mA = the multF of A; set MA = the Mult of A; A2:0.A1 = 0.A & 0.A2 = 0.A & 1.A1 = 1.A & 1.A2 = 1.A by C0SP1:def 9; A3:the addF of A1 = (the addF of A2)||the carrier of A1 proof the addF of A1 = AA||CA1 & the addF of A2 = AA||CA2 & [:CA1,CA1:] c= [:CA2,CA2:] by A1,C0SP1:def 9,ZFMISC_1:119; hence thesis by FUNCT_1:82; end; A4:the multF of A1 = (the multF of A2)||the carrier of A1 proof the multF of A1 = mA||CA1 & the multF of A2 = mA||CA2 & [:CA1,CA1:] c= [:CA2,CA2:] by A1,C0SP1:def 9,ZFMISC_1:119; hence thesis by FUNCT_1:82; end; the Mult of A1 = (the Mult of A2) | [:REAL,CA1:] proof the Mult of A1 = MA|[:REAL,CA1:] & the Mult of A2 = MA|[:REAL,CA2:] & [:REAL,CA1:] c= [:REAL,CA2:] by A1,C0SP1:def 9,ZFMISC_1:119; hence thesis by FUNCT_1:82; end; hence thesis by A1,A2,A3,A4,C0SP1:def 9; end; Lm1: for x being set st x in ContinuousFunctions X holds x in BoundedFunctions the carrier of X proof let x be set; assume x in ContinuousFunctions X; then consider h be continuous RealMap of X such that A1: x=h; A2:h is bounded_above & h is bounded_below by SEQ_2:def 8; then consider r1 being real number such that A3: for y being set st y in dom h holds h.y < r1 by SEQ_2:def 1; A4: (the carrier of X) /\ dom h c= dom h by XBOOLE_1:17; then for y being set st y in (the carrier of X) /\ dom h holds h.y<=r1 by A3; then A5: h|(the carrier of X) is bounded_above by RFUNCT_1:87; consider r2 being real number such that A6: for y being set st y in dom h holds r2 Function of (ContinuousFunctions X),REAL equals (BoundedFunctionsNorm the carrier of X)|(ContinuousFunctions X); correctness proof for x being set st x in ContinuousFunctions X holds x in BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by Lm1; then ContinuousFunctions X c= BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by TARSKI:def 3; hence thesis by FUNCT_2:38; end; end; definition let X; func R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> Normed_AlgebraStr equals Normed_AlgebraStr (# ContinuousFunctions X, mult_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X), Add_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X), Mult_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X), One_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X), Zero_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X), ContinuousFunctionsNorm X #); correctness; end; registration let X; cluster R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> strict non empty; correctness; end; Lm2: now let X; set F = R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; let x,e be Element of F; assume A1: e = One_(ContinuousFunctions X,RAlgebra the carrier of X); set X1 = ContinuousFunctions X; reconsider f = x as Element of X1; 1_RAlgebra the carrier of X = X-->1 .= 1_R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X by Th7; then A2:[f,1_RAlgebra the carrier of X] in [:X1,X1:] & [1_RAlgebra the carrier of X,f] in [:X1,X1:] by ZFMISC_1:106; x * e = (mult_(X1,RAlgebra the carrier of X)) .(f,1_RAlgebra the carrier of X) by A1,C0SP1:def 8; then x * e = ((the multF of RAlgebra the carrier of X)||X1) .(f,1_RAlgebra the carrier of X) by C0SP1:def 6; then x * e = f * 1_RAlgebra the carrier of X by A2,FUNCT_1:72; hence x * e = x by VECTSP_1:def 13; e * x = (mult_(X1,RAlgebra the carrier of X)) .(1_RAlgebra the carrier of X,f) by A1,C0SP1:def 8; then e * x = ((the multF of RAlgebra the carrier of X)||X1) .(1_RAlgebra the carrier of X,f) by C0SP1:def 6; then e * x = (1_RAlgebra the carrier of X )* f by A2,FUNCT_1:72; hence e * x = x by VECTSP_1:def 13; end; registration let X; cluster R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> unital; correctness proof reconsider e = One_(ContinuousFunctions X, RAlgebra the carrier of X) as Element of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; take e; thus thesis by Lm2; end; end; theorem Th10: for W be Normed_AlgebraStr, V be Algebra st the AlgebraStr of W = V holds W is Algebra proof let W be Normed_AlgebraStr,V be Algebra such that A1:the AlgebraStr of W = V; reconsider W as non empty AlgebraStr by A1; A2:for x,y being VECTOR of W holds x + y = y + x proof let x,y be VECTOR of W; reconsider x1 = x, y1 = y as VECTOR of V by A1; x + y = x1+y1 by A1; then x + y =y1 + x1; hence x + y = y + x by A1; end; A3:for x,y,z being VECTOR of W holds (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) proof let x,y,z be VECTOR of W; reconsider x1 = x, y1 = y, z1 = z as VECTOR of V by A1; (x + y) + z = (x1 + y1) + z1 by A1; then (x + y) + z = x1 + (y1 + z1) by RLVECT_1:def 6; hence (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) by A1; end; A4:for x being VECTOR of W holds x + 0.W = x proof let x be VECTOR of W; reconsider y = x as VECTOR of V by A1; x + 0.W = y + 0.V by A1; hence x + 0.W = x by RLVECT_1:10; end; A5:for x being Element of W holds x is right_complementable proof let x be Element of W; reconsider x1 = x as Element of V by A1; consider v be Element of V such that A6: x1 + v = 0.V by ALGSTR_0:def 11; reconsider y = v as Element of W by A1; x + y = 0.W by A6,A1; hence thesis by ALGSTR_0:def 11; end; A7:for v,w being Element of W holds v * w = w * v proof let v,w be Element of W; reconsider v1 = v, w1 = w as Element of V by A1; v * w = v1*w1 by A1; then v * w = w1*v1; hence v * w =w*v by A1; end; A8:for a,b,x being Element of W holds (a * b) * x = a * (b * x) proof let a,b,x be Element of W; reconsider y = x, a1 = a, b1 = b as Element of V by A1; (a * b) * x = (a1 * b1) * y by A1; then (a * b) * x = a1 * (b1 * y) by GROUP_1:def 4; hence (a * b) * x = a * (b * x) by A1; end; A9:W is right_unital proof let x be Element of W; reconsider x1 = x as Element of V by A1; x*1.W = x1*1.V by A1; hence x*1.W = x by VECTSP_1:def 13; end; A10:W is right-distributive proof let x,y,z being Element of W; reconsider x1 = x, y1 = y, z1 = z as Element of V by A1; x*(y+z) = x1*(y1+z1) by A1; then x*(y+z) = x1*y1 + x1*z1 by VECTSP_1:def 11; hence x*(y+z) = x*y + x*z by A1; end; W is vector-distributive scalar-distributive scalar-associative vector-associative proof thus W is vector-distributive proof let a be real number; let x,y being Element of W; reconsider x1 = x, y1 = y as Element of V by A1; a*(x+y) = a*(x1+y1) by A1; then a*(x+y) = a*x1 + a*y1 by RLVECT_1:def 8; hence a*(x+y) = a*x + a*y by A1; end; thus W is scalar-distributive proof let a,b be real number; let x being Element of W; reconsider x1 = x as Element of V by A1; (a+b)*x = (a+b)*x1 by A1; then (a+b)*x = a*x1 + b*x1 by RLVECT_1:def 9; hence (a+b)*x =a*x + b*x by A1; end; thus W is scalar-associative proof let a,b be real number; let x being Element of W; reconsider x1 = x as Element of V by A1; (a*b)*x = (a*b)*x1 by A1; then (a*b)*x = a*(b*x1) by RLVECT_1:def 10; hence (a*b)*x = a*(b*x) by A1; end; let x,y being Element of W; let a be Real; reconsider x1 = x, y1 = y as Element of V by A1; a*(x*y) = a*(x1*y1) by A1; then a*(x*y) = (a*x1)*y1 by FUNCSDOM:def 20; hence a*(x*y) = (a*x)*y by A1; end; hence thesis by A2,A3,A4,A5,A7,A8,A9,A10 ,ALGSTR_0:def 16,GROUP_1:def 4,def 16 ,RLVECT_1:def 5,def 6,def 7; end; reserve F,G,H for Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; Lm3: for x be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X, y be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X st x=y holds ||.x.||= ||.y.|| by FUNCT_1:72; Lm4: for x1,x2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X, y1,y2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X st x1=y1 & x2=y2 holds x1+x2=y1+y2 proof let x1,x2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X, y1,y2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; assume A1: x1=y1 & x2=y2; thus x1+x2 = ((the addF of RAlgebra the carrier of X) ||(ContinuousFunctions X)).([x1,x2]) by C0SP1:def 5 .= (the addF of RAlgebra the carrier of X).([x1,x2]) by FUNCT_1:72 .= ((the addF of RAlgebra the carrier of X) ||(BoundedFunctions the carrier of X)).([y1,y2]) by A1,FUNCT_1:72 .=y1+y2 by C0SP1:def 5; end; Lm5: for a be Real,x be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X, y be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X st x=y holds a*x=a*y proof let a be Real, x be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X, y be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; assume A1: x=y; thus a*x = ((the Mult of RAlgebra the carrier of X)| [:REAL,(ContinuousFunctions X):]).([a,x]) by C0SP1:def 11 .= (the Mult of RAlgebra the carrier of X).([a,x]) by FUNCT_1:72 .= ((the Mult of RAlgebra the carrier of X) |[:REAL,(BoundedFunctions the carrier of X):]).([a,y]) by A1,FUNCT_1:72 .=a*y by C0SP1:def 11; end; Lm6: for x1,x2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X, y1,y2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X st x1=y1 & x2=y2 holds x1*x2=y1*y2 proof let x1,x2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X, y1,y2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; assume A1: x1=y1 & x2=y2; thus x1*x2 = ((the multF of RAlgebra the carrier of X)|| (ContinuousFunctions X)).([x1,x2]) by C0SP1:def 6 .= (the multF of RAlgebra the carrier of X).([x1,x2]) by FUNCT_1:72 .= ((the multF of RAlgebra the carrier of X) ||(BoundedFunctions the carrier of X)).([y1,y2]) by A1,FUNCT_1:72 .=y1*y2 by C0SP1:def 6; end; registration let X; cluster R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> Abelian add-associative right_zeroed right_complementable commutative associative right_unital right-distributive vector-distributive scalar-distributive scalar-associative vector-associative; coherence proof 1.(R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X) = 1_R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; hence thesis by Th10; end; end; theorem Th11: (Mult_(ContinuousFunctions X, RAlgebra the carrier of X)).(1,F) = F proof set X1 = ContinuousFunctions X; reconsider f1 = F as Element of X1; A1:[1,f1] in [:REAL,X1:] by ZFMISC_1:106; thus (Mult_(ContinuousFunctions X, RAlgebra the carrier of X)).(1,F) = ((the Mult of RAlgebra the carrier of X)| [:REAL,X1:]).(1,f1) by C0SP1:def 11 .= (the Mult of RAlgebra the carrier of X).(1,f1) by A1,FUNCT_1:72 .= F by FUNCSDOM:23; end; registration let X; cluster R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> vector-distributive scalar-distributive scalar-associative scalar-unital; coherence proof for v being VECTOR of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X holds 1 * v = v by Th11; hence thesis by RLVECT_1:def 11; end; end; theorem Th12: X --> 0 = 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X proof X-->0 = 0.R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X by Th6; hence thesis; end; Lm7: 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X = 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X proof thus 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X = X-->0 by Th12 .= 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by C0SP1:26; end; Lm8: 1.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X = 1.R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X proof thus 1.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X =1_R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X .= X-->1 by Th7 .= 1_R_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by C0SP1:16 .= 1.R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; end; theorem 0 <= ||.F.|| proof reconsider F1=F as Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by Lm1; ||.F.|| =||.F1.|| by FUNCT_1:72; hence thesis by C0SP1:28; end; theorem F = 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X implies 0 = ||.F.|| proof assume A1: F = 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; reconsider F1=F as Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by Lm1; A2: ||.F.|| =||.F1.|| by FUNCT_1:72; F= X--> 0 by A1,Th12; then F1 = 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by C0SP1:26; hence thesis by A2,C0SP1:29; end; theorem Th15: f=F & g=G & h=H implies (H = F+G iff for x be Element of X holds h.x = f.x + g.x) proof reconsider f1=F, g1=G, h1=H as VECTOR of R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; H=F+G iff h1=f1+g1; hence thesis by Th3; end; theorem f=F & g=G implies ( G = a*F iff for x be Element of X holds g.x = a*f.x ) proof reconsider f1=F, g1=G as VECTOR of R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; G=a*F iff g1=a*f1; hence thesis by Th4; end; theorem f=F & g=G & h=H implies (H = F*G iff for x be Element of X holds h.x = f.x * g.x) proof reconsider f1=F, g1=G, h1=H as VECTOR of R_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; H=F*G iff h1=f1*g1; hence thesis by Th5; end; theorem Th18: ( ||.F.|| = 0 iff F = 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X ) & ||.a*F.|| = abs a * ||.F.|| & ||.F+G.|| <= ||.F.|| + ||.G.|| proof reconsider F1=F, G1=G as Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by Lm1; A1: ||.F.|| =||.F1.|| by FUNCT_1:72; A2: ||.G.|| =||.G1.|| by FUNCT_1:72; A3: ||.F+G.|| =||.F1+G1.|| by Lm4,Lm3; ||.F1.|| = 0 iff F1=0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by C0SP1:33; hence ||.F.|| = 0 iff F = 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X by Lm7,FUNCT_1:72; thus ||.a*F.|| = ||.a*F1.|| by Lm5,Lm3 .=abs a * ||.F1.|| by C0SP1:33 .=abs a * ||.F.|| by FUNCT_1:72; thus ||.F+G.|| <= ||.F.|| + ||.G.|| by A1,A2,A3,C0SP1:33; end; registration let X; cluster R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> reflexive discerning RealNormSpace-like; coherence proof set R = R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; thus ||.0.R.|| = 0 by Th18; for x,y being Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X for a be Real holds ( ||.x.|| = 0 iff x = 0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions(X) ) & ||.a*x.|| = abs(a) * ||.x.|| & ||.x+y.|| <= ||.x.|| + ||.y.|| by Th18; hence thesis by NORMSP_0:def 5,NORMSP_1:def 2; end; end; Lm9: for x1,x2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X, y1,y2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X st x1=y1 & x2=y2 holds x1-x2=y1-y2 proof let x1,x2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X, y1,y2 be Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; assume A1: x1=y1 & x2=y2; -x2=(-1)*x2 by RLVECT_1:29 .=(-1)*y2 by A1,Lm5 .= -y2 by RLVECT_1:29; hence x1-x2 =y1-y2 by A1,Lm4; end; theorem f=F & g=G & h=H implies (H = F-G iff (for x be Element of X holds h.x = f.x - g.x)) proof assume A1: f=F & g=G & h=H; A2:now assume H=F-G; then H+G=F-(G-G) by RLVECT_1:43; then H+G=F-0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X by RLVECT_1:28; then A3: H+G=F by RLVECT_1:26; now let x be Element of X; f.x=h.x + g.x by A1,A3,Th15; hence f.x-g.x=h.x; end; hence for x be Element of X holds h.x = f.x - g.x; end; now assume A4: for x be Element of X holds h.x = f.x - g.x; now let x be Element of X; h.x = f.x - g.x by A4; hence h.x + g.x= f.x; end; then F=H+G by A1,Th15; then F-G=H+(G-G) by RLVECT_1:def 6; then F-G=H+0.R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X by RLVECT_1:28; hence F-G=H by RLVECT_1:10; end; hence thesis by A2; end; theorem Th20: for X be RealBanachSpace, Y be Subset of X, seq be sequence of X st Y is closed & rng seq c= Y & seq is Cauchy_sequence_by_Norm holds seq is convergent & lim seq in Y proof let X be RealBanachSpace, Y be Subset of X, seq be sequence of X; assume A1: Y is closed & rng seq c= Y & seq is Cauchy_sequence_by_Norm; hence seq is convergent by LOPBAN_1:def 16; hence thesis by A1,NFCONT_1:def 5; end; theorem Th21: for Y be Subset of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X st Y = ContinuousFunctions X holds Y is closed proof let Y be Subset of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; assume A1: Y = ContinuousFunctions X; now let seq be sequence of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; assume A2: rng seq c= Y & seq is convergent; lim seq in BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; then consider f be Function of (the carrier of X),REAL such that A3: f=lim seq & f|(the carrier of X) is bounded; now let z be set; assume z in BoundedFunctions (the carrier of X); then ex f be RealMap of X st f=z & f|(the carrier of X) is bounded; hence z in PFuncs(the carrier of X,REAL) by PARTFUN1:119; end; then BoundedFunctions (the carrier of X) c= PFuncs(the carrier of X,REAL) by TARSKI:def 3; then reconsider H = seq as Functional_Sequence of (the carrier of X),REAL by FUNCT_2:9; A4: for p be Real st p>0 ex k be Element of NAT st for n be Element of NAT, x be set st n>=k & x in the carrier of X holds abs((H.n).x - f.x) < p proof let p be Real; assume p>0; then consider k be Element of NAT such that A5: for n be Element of NAT st n >= k holds ||.seq.n - lim seq.|| < p by A2,NORMSP_1:def 11; take k; hereby let n be Element of NAT, x be set; assume A6: n>=k & x in the carrier of X; then A7: ||.seq.n - lim seq.|| < p by A5; seq.n - lim seq in BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; then consider g be RealMap of X such that A8: g=seq.n - lim seq & g|(the carrier of X) is bounded; seq.n in BoundedFunctions the carrier of X; then consider s be RealMap of X such that A9: s=seq.n & s|(the carrier of X) is bounded; reconsider x0 = x as Element of the carrier of X by A6; A10: g.x0= s.x0-f.x0 by A8,A9,A3,C0SP1:35; abs(g.x0) <= ||.seq.n - lim seq.|| by A8,C0SP1:27; hence abs((H.n).x - f.x) < p by A10,A9,A7,XXREAL_0:2; end; end; f is continuous proof for x being Point of X,V being Subset of REAL st f.x in V & V is open holds ex W being Subset of X st x in W & W is open & f.:W c= V proof let x be Point of X,V be Subset of REAL; set r=f.x; assume f.x in V & V is open; then consider r0 being real number such that A11: 0=k & x in the carrier of X holds abs((H.n).x - f.x) < r0/3 by A4,A11,XREAL_1:224; A13: abs((H.k).x - f.x) < r0/3 by A12; k in NAT; then k in dom seq by NORMSP_1:17; then H.k in rng seq by FUNCT_1:def 5; then H.k in Y by A2; then consider h be continuous RealMap of X such that A14: H.k=h by A1; set r1 = h.x; set G1 = ]. r1-r0/3,r1+r0/3 .[; A15: r10; consider k be Element of NAT such that A4: for n,m be Element of NAT st n >= k & m >= k holds ||. vseq.n - vseq.m .|| < e by A1,A3,RSSPACE3:10; take k; now let n,m be Element of NAT; assume n >= k & m >= k; then ||. vseq.n - vseq.m .|| < e by A4; hence ||. vseq1.n - vseq1.m .|| < e by Lm9,Lm3; end; hence for n,m be Element of NAT st n >= k & m >= k holds ||. vseq1.n - vseq1.m .|| < e; end; then A5:vseq1 is Cauchy_sequence_by_Norm by RSSPACE3:10; then A6:vseq1 is convergent by C0SP1:36; reconsider Y = ContinuousFunctions X as Subset of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by A2,TARSKI:def 3; A7:rng vseq c= ContinuousFunctions X; Y is closed by Th21;then reconsider tv=lim vseq1 as Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X by A7,A5,Th20; for e be Real st e > 0 ex k be Element of NAT st for n be Element of NAT st n >= k holds ||.vseq.n - tv.|| < e proof let e be Real; assume e > 0; then consider k be Element of NAT such that A8: for n be Element of NAT st n >= k holds ||.vseq1.n - lim vseq1.|| < e by A6,NORMSP_1:def 11; take k; now let n be Element of NAT; assume n >= k; then ||.vseq1.n-lim vseq1.|| < e by A8; hence ||.vseq.n-tv.|| < e by Lm9,Lm3; end; hence for n be Element of NAT st n >= k holds ||.vseq.n - tv.|| < e; end; hence thesis by NORMSP_1:def 9; end; registration let X; cluster R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> complete; coherence proof for seq be sequence of R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X st seq is Cauchy_sequence_by_Norm holds seq is convergent by Th22; hence thesis by LOPBAN_1:def 16; end; end; registration let X; cluster R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X -> Banach_Algebra-like; coherence proof set B = R_Normed_Algebra_of_ContinuousFunctions X; A1:now let f,g be Element of B; reconsider f1=f, g1=g as Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by Lm1; A2: ||.f.|| =||.f1.|| & ||.g.|| =||.g1.|| & ||.f*g.|| =||.f1*g1.|| by Lm6,Lm3; R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X is Banach_Algebra-like_1 by C0SP1:38; hence ||. f*g .|| <= ||.f.|| * ||.g.|| by A2,LOPBAN_2:def 9; end; A3: R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X is Banach_Algebra-like_2 by C0SP1:38; A4:||. 1.B .||=||. 1.R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X.|| by Lm8,Lm3 .= 1 by A3,LOPBAN_2:def 10; A5:now let a be Real, f,g be Element of B; reconsider f1=f, g1=g as Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by Lm1; A6: a*g1=a*g by Lm5; A7: f*g=f1*g1 by Lm6; A8: R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X is Banach_Algebra-like_3 by C0SP1:38; a*(f*g) =a*(f1*g1) by A7,Lm5; then a*(f*g) =f1*(a*g1) by A8,LOPBAN_2:def 11; hence a*(f*g) =f*(a*g) by A6,Lm6; end; now let f,g,h be Element of B; reconsider f1=f, g1=g, h1=h as Point of R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X by Lm1; A9: g+h = g1+h1 by Lm4; A10: g*f = g1*f1 & h*f = h1*f1 by Lm6; A11: R_Normed_Algebra_of_BoundedFunctions the carrier of X is left-distributive by C0SP1:38; thus (g+h)*f =(g1+h1)*f1 by Lm6,A9 .= g1*f1 + h1*f1 by A11,VECTSP_1:def 12 .= g*f + h*f by Lm4,A10; end; then B is Banach_Algebra-like_1 Banach_Algebra-like_2 Banach_Algebra-like_3 left-distributive left_unital complete Normed_Algebra by A1,A4,A5,LOPBAN_2:def 9,def 10,def 11,VECTSP_1:def 12; hence thesis; end; end;